7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

May 2019 Public Offering

On May 20, 2019, the Company issued and sold 1,982,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $2.50 per share. In a concurrent private placement, we issued to the purchasers of our common stock, Series F warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,982,000 shares of common stock. The Series F warrants were immediately exercisable, expire five years after the date of issuance, and have an exercise price of $2.40.

In a separate concurrent private placement transaction, the Company sold 2,018,000 shares of common stock together with Series G warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 2,018,000 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock and Series G warrants were priced at $2.50 per fixed combination. The warrants sold in the private placement were immediately exercisable, expire five years after the date of issuance, and have an exercise price of $2.40.

In accordance with the concept of ASC 820 regarding the May 2019 public offering, the Company allocated value to the proceeds to the common stock and warrants utilizing a relative fair value basis. Using the Nasdaq closing trading price for our stock on May 20, 2019, we computed the fair value of the shares sold. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at that same date. This valuation did not impact total Stockholders’ Equity of $10.0 million, but is an internal proportionate calculation allocating the gross proceeds of approximately $6 million to common stock and $4.0 million to warrants.

Gross offering proceeds to the Company were $10.0 million, with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $9.0 million after deducting placement agent fees and related offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for research and development, funding clinical studies, working capital and general corporate purposes.

The registered direct offering described above was made pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 previously filed with and subsequently declared effective by the SEC. The unregistered common shares and warrants were offered pursuant to the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The offerings’ unregistered common shares and warrants were ultimately registered through our May 31, 2019 filing of Form S-1 and acceptance of this Registration Statement by the SEC.

July 2018 Public Offering

On July 31, 2018, the Company sold 1,355,000 shares of common stock, 1,114 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) convertible into 2,785,000 shares of common stock and Series E warrants to purchase 4,140,000 shares of common stock. The public offering price of a share of common stock together with a Series E warrant to purchase one share of common stock was $4.00. The public offering price of a share of Series C Preferred Stock, each of which is convertible into 2,500 shares of Common Stock, together with a Series E warrant to purchase 2,500 shares of common stock was $10,000. The Series E warrants have an exercise price of $4.00 per share and are exercisable until July 31, 2023. Gross offering proceeds to the Company were $16.56 million, with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $15.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and related offering expenses.

In order to account for the July 2018 public offering, the Company allocated the proceeds to the common stock, the Series C Preferred Stock and the Series E warrants on a relative fair value basis. Then using the effective conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock, the Company determined that there was a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) of $2,241,795. The BCF did not impact total Stockholders’ Equity but was reflected as a deemed dividend in arriving at net loss attributable to common stockholders.

The Series C Preferred Stock includes a beneficial ownership blocker but has no dividend rights (except to the extent that dividends are also paid on the common stock), liquidation preference or other preferences over common stock, and subject to limited exceptions, has no voting rights. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 258 and 641 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted into 645,000 and 1,602,500 shares of common stock, respectively.

On October 12, 2017, the Company closed on a registered direct offering (the “October 2017 Registered Direct Offering”), priced at-the-market, of 195,438 shares of its common stock and 41.0412949 shares of its Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock was offered at $100,000 per share and is immediately convertible into approximately 5,337 shares of common stock for a total of 219,037 shares upon conversion at a price of $18.7375 per share. The common stock was offered at $18.7375 per share. Gross offering proceeds to the Company were $7.76 million. In a concurrent private placement, the Company offered purchasers in the registered direct offering Series D warrants to purchase an aggregate of 310,856 shares of common stock, or 0.75 shares of common stock for each share of common stock purchased directly or issuable upon conversion of shares of preferred stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-voting, has no dividend rights (except to the extent dividends are also paid on common stock), liquidation preference, or other preferences over common stock. The Series D warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $17.80 per share and expire seven years from the closing. The Series D warrants, which are callable by the Company under certain circumstances, will not trade. Gross proceeds were approximately $7.8 million with net proceeds to the Company of approximately $7.1 million. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 the remaining 18 shares of Series B Preferred Stock from the October 2017 Registered Direct Offering were converted into 96,285 shares of common stock.

Reverse Stock Split

At a special meeting held on July 12, 2018, the stockholders approved an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to affect a reverse split of our common stock at a ratio between 1:5 to 1:10 and authorized the Board to determine the ratio at which the reverse split would be. The Board authorized the ratio of the reverse split, and effective at the close of business on July 16, 2018, the Company implemented a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements give retroactive effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented. The shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue remains unchanged at 80,000,000 and the par value remains at $0.00001 per share. Accordingly, stockholders’ equity reflects the reverse stock split by reclassifying from common stock to additional paid-in capital an amount equal to the par value of the decreased shares resulting from the reverse stock split.

Common Stock Warrants

The following table summarizes information with regard to outstanding warrants to purchase common stock as of December 31, 2019: